Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been adopted to treat a wide variety of malignant and nonmalignant disorders with increasing frequency throughout the last half-century. HSCT is an administration of hematopoietic stem cells used to restore blood cell production in individuals with impaired or dysfunctional bone marrow or immune systems.
Functions of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Bone marrow is a soft, spongy area found in the core of several of the body's largest bones. The marrow is responsible for the production of all blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells (of various types), and platelets. The immune system's cells are generated entirely in the bone marrow. All of these cells are derived from a type of bone marrow cell known as a "hematopoietic stem cell."
Hematopoietic stem cells can be directed by the body to grow into the blood components required at any particular time. The bone marrow produces millions of different cells per hour, making this a tremendously busy process. The majority of stem cells remain in the marrow niche till they are changed into mature blood cells, which are then released into the bloodstream to serve particular jobs including carrying oxygen, protecting against infection, and aiding blood clotting. However, small amounts of stem cells can be discovered in circulating blood, allowing them to be retrieved under particular conditions.
Haematopoietic Stem Cells and Growth Factors
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generate new blood cells every day, which is sustained by HSCs' ability to self-renew and differentiate. This is regulated not by the HSCs solely, but by the complicated and intricate microenvironment that surrounds the HSCs, known as the bone marrow niche, which is made up of several bone marrow cells, growth factors, and cytokines. Understanding the distinct role of the stem cell niche and the growth factors involved in niche development is critical.
These growth factors include cytokines, stem cell factors, interleukins (IL), fibroblast growth factors, angiopoietin and other hormones. The regulation of hematopoietic stem cells' numerous fates – including quiescence, self-renewal, differentiation, death, and mobilisation from the niche – necessitates the cooperative actions of several cytokines and other hormones that bind to receptors on these cells.
Types of HSCT
There are two major types of hematopoietic transplantation:
Autologous Transplant: Autologous transplantation involves removing your own hematopoietic stem cells before receiving high-dose chemotherapy or radiation, and freezing them for later use.
Allogeneic Transplant: The hematopoietic stem cells used in allogeneic transplantation originate from a donor, ideally a sibling with an identical genetic makeup. If you don't have a suitable sibling, you could utilise an unrelated person with a comparable genetic composition. In some cases, a half-matched parent or kid can also be used; this is referred to as a haploidentical transplant. Umbilical cord blood can also be used in umbilical cord blood transplants in some cases.
Applications of HSC in treating Diseases
Haematopoietic stem cells transplantation may be a promising therapy option for a variety of disease categories. For example,
Lately, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has become more common in clinical practice, and many clinical trials are still underway to determine its efficacy in various medical problems.
If you are looking for stem cell therapy for various diseases, get in touch with us at info@advancells.com or you can call us at +91-9654321400 for your inquiries.
